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Reading answers with explanations

IELTS · Part 1 · Cambridge 18 — Test 3

Materials to take us beyond concrete: Reading answers

Answers to questions 1–13 (13 in all), each with why it is right.

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Read the whole passage and answer in the exam interface, timed as on the day.

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The passage opens

Concrete is everywhere, but it's bad for the planet, generating large amounts of carbon dioxide - alternatives are being developed A Concrete is the second most used substance in the global economy, after water - and one of the world's biggest single sources of greenhouse gas emissions.The chemical process by which cement, the key ingredient of concrete, is created results in large quantities of carbon dioxide.The UN estimates that there will be 9.8 billion people living on the planet by mid-century.They will need somewhere to live.If concrete is the only answer to the construction of new cities, then carbon emissions will soar, aggravating global warming.And so scientists have started…

Answers 1–13

  1. 1

    an explanation of the industrial processes that create potential raw materials for concrete

    G Matching information

  2. 2

    a reference to the various locations where high-rise wooden buildings can be found

    D Matching information

  3. 3

    an indication of how widely available the raw materials of concrete are

    C Matching information

  4. 4

    the belief that more high-rise wooden buildings are needed before wood can be regarded as a viable construction material

    F Matching information

  5. 5

    architects Note completion

  6. 6

    moisture Note completion

  7. 7

    layers Note completion

  8. 8

    speed Note completion

  9. 9

    The environmental advantage of cement alternatives may not be as great as initially assumed.

    C: Anna Surgenor Matching features

  10. 10

    It would be hard to create a construction alternative to concrete that offers so many comparable benefits.

    A: Chris Cheeseman Matching features

  11. 11

    Worries about the environment have led to increased interest in wood as a construction material.

    B: Markus Mannström Matching features

  12. 12

    Expense has been a factor in the negative response to the development of new cements.

    D: Felix Preston and Johanna Lehne Matching features

  13. 13

    The environmental damage caused by concrete is due to it being produced in large quantities.

    A: Chris Cheeseman Matching features

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