THE CONCEPT OF SMART CITIES: Reading answers

The passage opens

Answers 15–20

1. 15

   Paragraph I

   D: A definition of the core concept Matching headings

   Paragraph I defines the core concept, matching heading D, “A definition of the core concept.”

   “A "smart city" is an urban area that uses various types of electronic methods and sensors to collect data.”

2. 16

   Paragraph II

   G: The technological backbone of a smart city Matching headings

   Paragraph II describes the ICT network and connected sensors that form the city's technological backbone, matching heading G.

   “The foundation of any smart city is a robust and integrated network of information and communication technology (ICT).”

3. 17

   Paragraph III

   B: Examples of how technology can improve urban life Matching headings

   Paragraph III gives examples of technology improving urban life, such as reducing congestion and pollution, matching heading B.

   “smart traffic management systems can analyze live traffic flow to adjust traffic light timings, reducing congestion and pollution.”

4. 18

   Paragraph IV

   F: Concerns regarding data privacy and surveillance Matching headings

   Paragraph IV focuses on data privacy risks and surveillance, matching heading F.

   “There is a risk of creating a surveillance society where personal information is vulnerable to cyberattacks or used for social control.”

5. 19

   Paragraph V

   C: The risk of excluding non-tech-savvy citizens Matching headings

   Paragraph V explains how residents who are less comfortable with technology may be excluded, matching heading C.

   “There is a danger of creating a "digital divide," where those who are less comfortable with technology, often the elderly or low-income groups, are left behind.”

6. 20

   Paragraph VI

   E: The importance of citizen participation in planning Matching headings

   Paragraph VI emphasizes involving residents in planning through consultations and workshops, matching heading E.

   “Public consultations, participatory design workshops, and open forums can help ensure that smart city initiatives are inclusive”

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