Reading answers with explanations

IELTS · Part 2 · Cambridge 18 — Test 1

Forest management in Pennsylvania, USA: Reading answers

Answers to questions 14–26 (13 in all), each with why it is right.

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How managing low-quality wood (also known as low-use wood) for bioenergy can encourage sustainable forest management A A tree's 'value' depends on several factors including its species, size, form, condition, quality, function, and accessibility, and depends on the management goals for a given forest.The same tree can be valued very differently by each person who looks at it.A large, straight black cherry tree has high value as timber to be cut into logs or made into furniture, but for a landowner more interested in wildlife habitat, the real value of that stem (or trunk) may be the food it provides to animals.Likewise, if the tree suffers from black knot disease, its value for timber…

Answers 14–26

  1. 14

    bad outcomes for a forest when people focus only on its financial reward

    B Matching information

  2. 15

    reference to the aspects of any tree that contribute to its worth

    A Matching information

  3. 16

    mention of the potential use of wood to help run vehicles

    C Matching information

  4. 17

    examples of insects that attack trees

    E Matching information

  5. 18

    an alternative name for trees that produce low-use wood

    B Matching information

  6. 19

    to remove trees that are diseased

    B: a Salvage Cut Matching features

  7. 20

    to generate income across a number of years

    C: a Shelterwood Cut Matching features

  8. 21

    to create a forest whose trees are close in age

    C: a Shelterwood Cut Matching features

  9. 22

    Some dead wood is removed to avoid the possibility of ________ .

    fire Short answer

  10. 23

    The ________ from the tops of cut trees can help improve soil quality.

    nutrients Short answer

  11. 24

    Some damaged trees should be left, as their _______ provide habitats for a range of creatures.

    cavities Short answer

  12. 25

    Some trees that are small, such as ________ , are a source of food for animals and insects.

    hawthorn Short answer

  13. 26

    Any trees that are ________ should be left to grow, as they add to the variety of species in the forest.

    rare Short answer

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